What if Time Comes in Four Flavors? Rethinking Physics with Real ‘Imaginary’ Dimensions
From the Big Bang to quantum entanglement, this novel model claims to unify the mysteries of modern physics.
I’ve always been captivated by the mysteries of the cosmos. Over the years, the wonders of space and time have filled me with awe and a relentless drive to uncover the universe’s hidden truths. On January 5th, after reading an article on Cosmology, I found myself pondering this question:
What if the Big Bang is both the past and the future?
Then, a flash of lightning erupted through my body. Well, that would mean Dark Energy is going back in time to fuel the Big Bang! That day marked a turning point for me, sparking a deep curiosity and a willingness to question the established paradigms of physics.
Today I share with you the results of my hard work. A work I am calling: Complex Relativity, named after the complex plane that imaginary numbers live in.
Why Should You Believe Me? Because the model has results.
If you are skeptical, I understand. In today’s era, where fake, AI-generated science is all too common, I would be skeptical, too. However, I stand behind this model because it is not based on wild speculation; it comes from rigorous calculations and strict adherence to physics equations. In science, we often follow the principle of Occam's razor - the simplest explanation is the best explanation. Complex Relativity’s greatest strength is
Cosmological constant resolution
Exact cancellation of vacuum energy in four discrete phase-slots reproduces the observed tiny value of Λ without fine-tuning.Tsirelson’s bound derived
A quantum mechanical limit that has no classical explanation emerges naturally from the two-plane phase structure.Quantum entanglement mechanism
Real and imaginary phase channels combine to give perfect correlations without any nonlocal “spooky” action.Photon time-dilation and dispersion
Discrete unit-hops forbid any energy-dependent speed variations, agreeing with LIGO/GRB constraints.Dark matter candidate
Excitations in the mostly-complex phase-slots gravitate but never interact electromagnetically, matching cold-dark-matter behavior.Black-hole/white-hole bounce
A closed-time-loop replaces the Big Bang with a black-hole collapse and white-hole expansion, predicting gravitational-wave echoes as an observational test.
At some point, the convergence of evidence becomes difficult to dismiss as coincidence. When a single theoretical framework can naturally explain diverse phenomena that were previously thought to be unrelated, that's typically when paradigm shifts occur in science.
For readers interested in the full mathematical development and detailed derivations, the complete technical report Complex Relativity is attached below.
How Did I Do It?
Where did I start? Well, I followed Einstein's model. I began asking myself questions about what he named 'thought experiments.' I imagined riding light back through time. What would that actually look like if it were possible?
The invisible force we see that pulls magnets together and pushes them apart made me wonder if there was another dimension where they were visible and had accurate mass instead of charge.
And photons, how can they move through time if they don't experience time? How can a photon be created without infinite energy? Special Relativity doesn't handle these questions.
My most significant thought experiment is the alien experiment, where I ask: "If there was an alien species who saw time on a different axis, what would they see?" At first, this was extremely hard to picture, so I devised the following mental experiment to simplify the problem.
Imagine a particle spiraling towards you, traveling in x, y, z, and time. You should see it moving in a circle that is getting bigger. But what if it stops moving towards you? Its z is frozen but still moving in x, y, and t. You would see the circle stop getting bigger, but what does the alien see? Entangled Particles! Because they would see all the events while time was frozen for them all at once. Here, on frame 3, when z is 3, the same particle can be seen multiple times. If you measured it in this case, it would seem to go faster than light. But, I assure you, the particles in this simulation WERE traveling at the speed of light.
Mathematics as My Lantern
As a programmer from the Midwest, I have limited resources. As such, I had to rely on one tool that has historically allowed humans to explore complex physics: mathematics.
Initially, I dreaded this. I did a good amount of math in college, so I know my way around a complex series of matrices and calculus, but it had been a solid decade since I had done pen-and-paper math. I initially found myself frustrated at how rusty I was. Yet, unexpectedly, that very rust became my greatest asset. Free from preconceived notions, I reengaged with math at my own pace, filling in the gaps and rediscovering my love for it.
The Key Equation
We begin with Einstein’s iconic relation:
A more complete version is:
What this essentially says is that the universe is all the energy of matter and all the energy it takes to move that matter. Within our framework, we reinterpret this as:
Which, reduces to classical Euler’s Formula! A truly beautiful mathematical result.
Introducing the Fundamental Particle of the Universe: The Phaseon
The Phaseon is the universe’s most fundamental particle, a discrete quantum of temporal phase. Each Phaseon carries one unit of momentum, divided into real and imaginary parts corresponding to observable and hidden phase sectors. All Standard Model fields come from Phaseons and how they arrange two perpendicular time planes. By alternating pure-time steps with pure-space steps, Phaseons maintain the speed of light for every particle, even when they are entangled, and ensure that no signal can travel faster than light.
All particles are all other types of particles at once!
One of the most surprising outcomes of Complex Relativity is that all particles are simply different rotations of each other in the complex time plane. In this view, familiar particles—electrons, quarks, photons—are just “snapshots” of one deeper entity as it moves through different phase slots.
Enter the Phaseon. The phaseon is the fundamental quantum of this unified particle landscape. Each phaseon carries a discrete jump in temporal phase (one of the four Z₄ values) and can manifest as any standard particle when observed in a particular slot.
Phaseon Dynamics: In one phase slot, it looks like an electron; in another, a photon; in a third, a dark‑matter antiphaseon.
Unified Description: Instead of dozens of separate particle types, one phaseon field is cycling through time planes.
Observable Effects: Colliders would see phaseons appear as different particles depending on the temporal phase of the interaction—offering a striking signature if the machinery to control phase slots can be built.
By treating particles as rotations rather than fundamentally distinct objects, Complex Relativity collapses the zoo of known particles into a single, elegant entity: the phaseon.
Definite Positions and Superposition
Contrary to conventional quantum mechanics—where particles exist in probabilistic clouds—each phaseon in Complex Relativity carries a definitive set of rotor phases that fixes its exact position in spacetime. Superposition arises not because a particle lacks a concrete location but because our measurements capture a distorted projection of that actual state as the phaseon hops between discrete phase slots. In effect:
Every phaseon has a single, real-world trajectory defined by its rotor-phase assignments.
What we perceive as a superposition of positions is the phaseon’s shifting phase projection onto our frame.
Collapse of the wavefunction corresponds to recording the phaseon’s current slot, revealing one definitive position rather than transitioning among many.
This picture restores an objective reality beneath quantum uncertainty, rooting superposition in geometric phase dynamics rather than inherent indeterminacy.
The Graviton
At the heart of this model lies a discovery that could revolutionize our understanding of fundamental forces: the Graviton. If confirmed, this particle would be the missing fourth force and the Quantum Theory of Gravity that so many have sought.
Where Was It Hiding?
The Graviton was hiding between the planes of time. Its job is to take mass from one plane of time and transmit it to another. The Graviton isn’t just another subtle actor in the cosmic drama: it is the Boson for Bosons and is responsible for all momentum transfer in the universe.
It turns out that while other bosons (like photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons) mediate information transfer, the Graviton’s role is to transfer momentum. When an object’s momentum changes in one of the four-time planes, a portion of its rest mass isn’t lost; instead, the Graviton transfers the mass to another plane in time, deep in a sub-plank-sized black hole. This dynamic process maintains cosmic balance and underpins the cyclic, self-recycling nature of the universe.
Wait, Did You Say: Between the Planes of Time?!
Yes, between the planes of time.
If you recall the imaginary number:
This framework proposes that the imaginary number isn’t just a mathematical curiosity but actually exists in another plane of truly four-dimensional space and time.
Traditional physics treats time as a single, continuous dimension. In our model, however, time is far more intricate. We propose four distinct planes of time:
1 (Matter Time): The realm of our everyday experience governed by ordinary matter.
i (Dark Energy): The mysterious force driving the accelerated expansion of the universe. It is to our right in time.
−1 (Dark Matter): The hidden domain responsible for the gravitational scaffolding of galaxies. It is across from us in time.
−i (Radiation): The energetic field that orchestrates the dynamics of electromagnetic radiation. It is to the left of us in time.
These four interwoven planes create a rich, multidimensional tapestry where matter, dark energy, dark matter, and radiation are not isolated phenomena but interconnected facets of a deeper temporal structure.
The Cosmic Void: A Sea of White and Black Holes
One of the most mind-blowing aspects of this model is the origin of virtual particles. Instead of mere ephemeral fluctuations in an empty vacuum, I propose that these particles emerge from miniature black and white holes. Imagine the quantum vacuum as a sea of tiny white and black holes, with energy surfing along the wave.
Even more astonishing is that photons remain entirely at rest (at absolute zero) until white holes liberate them. In our model, every ray of light you see is essentially a burst from a white hole. This mind-blowing idea challenges the long-held belief that light is constantly in motion and invites us to reconsider how energy and momentum function at the very foundations of the cosmos.
Quantum Scaling and Cosmic Expansion
In this framework, the Hubble constant is not an arbitrary number plucked from observation; it is an emergent property directly linked to the dynamic behavior of energy across the different temporal planes. As energy goes through the Cosmos, it is kicked along by white and black holes. Every time this kick happens, a little bit more energy is spread out, contributing to redshift.
Moreover, redshift calculations at the Big Bang indicate that the flipping between gravitational dominance (at black hole horizons) and electromagnetic dominance (at white hole horizons) occurs almost instantaneously. This suggests that the quantization of space might be far smaller than the traditional Planck length, with any change in these constants directly altering the flow of time and ultimately manifesting as time dilation.
Another triumph of this model is its resolution of the cosmological constant problem. The overflow of vacuum energy is prevented by effectively "turning off" gravity for just a few ticks of Planck time during critical quantum fluctuations between black and white holes. This adjustment reduces our theoretical predictions from being the worst in physics to closely aligning with observed values, and a near-infinite Bayesian score further underscores the confidence in this resolution.
What is Next?
The ideas presented here aren't just a new set of equations. They are a new lens that reconciles our most profound paradoxes and invites us to rethink everything from photons to fate. And it didn’t come from a billion-dollar lab. It came from curiosity, courage, and a refusal to ask, “What if?”
I'm actively seeking connections with physicists, cosmologists, and journal editors who can help evaluate and strengthen this work. If you have contacts in astrophysics, quantum theory, or cosmology who might be interested in reviewing this model, your introduction would be invaluable. By helping connect this work with the right reviewers, you're contributing to potentially groundbreaking scientific advancement.
Please share this article with researchers in your network or reach out directly if you can facilitate introductions to appropriate peer reviewers. Together, we can ensure this model receives the critical examination it deserves.
Contact: kylekinnearresearch@gmail.com